Scientists are seriously discussing the possibility of life that could be built on the basis of other chemical elements, such as silicon.
Silicon has properties similar to carbon, which makes it a promising candidate for creating complex molecular chains similar to those created by carbon.
BUT there is a difference: carbon forms strong and flexible bonds at room temperature, silicon compounds are less stable. Under terrestrial conditions, they quickly break down or oxidize. But on planets with extreme temperatures and low oxygen content, silicon-based life could develop according to completely different laws.
For example, planets located far from their stars, with extremely low temperatures and lack of oxygen, could be an ideal environment for the existence of silicon-based organisms. In such conditions, silicon could form stable molecules and complex structures. These organisms could have a completely different metabolic system, using, for example, sulfur or methane instead of oxygen.
Other hypotheses include the possibility of life existing in liquid methane or ammonia, which could play the same role as water does for carbon-based life on Earth. One of the most interesting candidates for such life is Titan, a moon of Saturn, which has methane seas. At such low temperatures (around -180°C), carbon-based life would be impossible, but organisms adapted to methane solutions could develop.
Silicon-based life looks very different from what we imagine. For example, these organisms could be hard and crystalline, moving more slowly than terrestrial life forms(attached creepy pic, not mine). Interactions between such life forms could take place on much longer time scales, and their perception of time might be very different from ours.
I also added a link to the article about the possibility of silicon-based biochemistry in space if you want to learn more about it:
When I was sick and had trouble breathing, a steamy bathroom was a real lifesaver for me, and physics explains why it works.
As the temperature rises, water in the bathroom evaporates, filling the air with steam(basically, turning your bathroom into a sauna, but without the awkward eye contact with strangers). This steam moisturizes the mucous membranes in the airways, which helps to thin out the mucus. The higher the humidity, the easier it is for the water molecules to stick to the surfaces in our respiratory tract. It making the mucus less thick and easier to remove (almost like trying to get rid of a clingy ex — but at least this one doesn't text you at 3 AM).
The heat from the steam also plays an important role due to the laws of thermodynamics (you know, that whole thing about transferring energy and making sure we don’t freeze to death, at least not yet). It transfers warmth to the mucous membranes, which makes the blood vessels widen (kind of like when your stress level widens your pupils at the sight of unpaid bills), improving blood flow. Better blood circulation means more oxygen and nutrients, which helps reduce inflammation and heal tissues.
So I advise everyone to go to the bathroom, but not when you have a very high temperature;)
I found an interesting link about astronauts' food on the NASA website. I'll leave the link and tell you a little bit. You probably remember the movies about astronauts showing them eating food from tubes(first pic, not mine:)
Things are different now. They eat regular food (well, almost). When astronauts eat with a spoon in zero gravity, food can actually fly away if it is not secured. However, food usually has a certain consistency so that it does not spill or fly away(the second pic). Most meals are packed in soft containers, and astronauts simply squeeze the food onto a spoon, holding it until they put it in their mouth. But they also eat burgers, but with tortillas, not with regular bread. The problem is all in the crumbs. They can fly around the station and cause harm.
To reduce the risk of food flying away, astronauts use sticky or viscous products that "stick" to the spoon and don't float in the air. The ISS is also equipped with velcro and magnets on tables so that you can temporarily attach a spoon or bag of food.
I completed my master's degree in particle physics and cosmology and have knowledge in cosmology, astrophysics, and particle physics. And coding too, c++ for example.
The latter also includes data analysis. Analysis of decays at accelerators. But, still, what I was given during my studies is not enough.
In order to be ready for PhD, I analyze in detail the decays of specific particles. Now Im studying the decays of bosons such as Z and W. Why is this necessary? You know very well that there is CERN, there is a hadron collider. This is what such analysis is for. Of course, there are other experiments, but the principle of data processing is similar.
CERN created a special CERN ROOT library in C++ and Python. I work in C++. And I study the arrays of particles into which such bosons decay. The so-called decay products. Bosons live very short lives and it is easier to restore the picture from the products of their decay. To find out physical properties such as momentum, decay angle, etc. And using physical equations - calculate what is necessary. For example, massof Z, as I do.
And why is it necessary to study particles - this is already a question for you, how do you feel about science, if it's necessary at all;)
You've all seen beautiful photos on the Internet with James Webb. But I want to tell you a little about how it works. This telescope sees very far. So far that dinosaurs did not exist yet(and your mom).
And how? Very simple: thanks to infrared cameras that catch light from the most ancient objects(not your mom), such as the first galaxies.
Due to the expansion of the Universe, this light shifts to the infrared range. Hubble, for example, works in the optical range. Therefore, even if it really wanted to, it couldnt. Here is the anti-motivation for your life...
So, let's continue about James Webb.
The peculiarity of the telescope is its low operating temperature of about -233 ° C, which is provided by a huge solar shield. It protects against the heat and light of the Sun, Earth and Moon, keeping the telescope cool and preventing "exposure" from its own heat. Now it is the most powerful infrared telescope.
A great question follows. Well, of course, great infrared telescope, but how do it get such beautiful photos if it is infrared, and not optical?
The answer is tricky: the resulting images are processed to make them visible to us. This is done using "false colors", where infrared data is recoded into visible colors (for example, infrared is displayed in red, green, and blue). This way, we can see details and structures that would be invisible in normal light.
So, the next time you see those stunning space photos, just remember: it's all a trick, like when your mom says she's proud of you😘
Somehow I'm sure you all know that cooling is due to molecules leaving the surface of the body. The molecules need energy to overcome the force of attraction(just like ex-girlfriends take all the energy and leave).
Therefore, the slow molecules(losers) stay on the skin and the surface of the skin is cooled. In addition, substances with a low boiling point (such as alcohol) are used, which allows them to evaporate faster and cool faster. However, you will have to apply such sprays more often.
In general, all this is shit, and the thing that works best is cold water that you can drink and air conditioning ofc. Water helps because of its high heat capacity. That is, it is not easy to heat water, it takes a lot of energy, so the body cools down much better. And it does it from the inside and better than evaporation from the surface of the skin.
Imagine a world where you can instantly be anywhere. Forget about traffic jams and flight delays...
but what if something goes wrong and you end up upside down or, worse, with some extra "accessory" in the wrong place?
The technology promises not only to transport you from point A to point B, but also to keep your important parts intact.
Some scientists propose scanning you down to the smallest atom, recreating you in a new place and, possibly, destroying the original(shot in your head...). That is, essentially, you will be taken apart into molecules and reassembled, like a Lego set. But will this new version be "you" or just a slightly improved copy without all those weird thoughts that are in your head?
Other ideas are even more interesting - wormholes, tunnels in space-time. Theoretically, they can transport you instantly. But there are some funny things here too: you want to end up on a beach in Miami(with bitches ofc), but you might end up in a black hole. And instead of enjoying your cocktail(and bitches), you'll be trying to figure out where your beginning is and where your end is. And where are your bitches too
Next time I wanna tell more about wormholes And bitches🫦(joking)
I'm sure you wanted to become invisible as a child and really regretted that you didn't have such a superpower. But in fact, it's not such a superpower now, but a possibility at the development stage. Although it's still very difficult.
I'll share my thoughts:
Invisibility implies that light is either reflected, refracted or absorbed by the object that is hiding. It's very difficult to take into account all the wavelengths. Which wave is absorbed, which is deflected, etc. It's painstaking.
Therefore, metamaterials that can deflect light around an object must have special optical properties, which is currently possible only on the micro- or nanoscale. The creation of such materials on large surfaces and for all frequencies of light (for example, visible light, and there are a lot of them) is still at the research stage.
Well, to control light waves and make an object invisible, a huge amount of energy and complex calculations in real time are required. The suit will probably also require a cooler (from the burnt ass of the designer, of course).
Well, now comes the most interesting part. You are certainly a smart guy that you are not visible in statics. But movement changes absolutely everything:))) This immediately creates problems with light scattering and changing its direction. This can lead to "smearing" or the appearance of visible distortions.
But despite all this crap, even now there are prototypes that can make objects invisible under certain conditions, for example, using active camouflage technologies (when an image of the background is displayed on the screen). These methods work only in limited conditions and have significant limitations in viewing angles and camouflage quality.
But if we try again and again, then someday it will work: Research in the field of metamaterials and quantum optics can lead to the creation of more effective methods of invisibility, but this will require many more years (or even decades) of development.
This planet, located 390 light years away in the constellation Pisces. It has a super-hot dayside (the part of the planet facing its host star) with temperatures above 2,400 °C(but the Sun is still hotter btw, but it's a star, it should be😁), hot enough to evaporate metals. Strong winds carry the iron vapor to the cooler nightside (I don’t think I need to explain, you’re smart 😌), where it condenses into droplets of iron.
WASP-76b constantly faces its star with one side, like the Moon faces Earth. On its dayside, it receives thousands of times more radiation than Earth does from the Sun, which causes metals to evaporate.
The temperature difference between the sides causes strong winds to carry the iron vapor to the nightside, where it cools and falls as rain.
And I just attached nice pic for you(not me, another one)
I remember applying for a PhD position on exoplanets and suggesting to the professor to work on the issue of the magnetic field of planets. Because I thought it was a very important characteristic for habitability. Without a magnetic field, our planet would not be able to support life: it protects against cosmic rays, creating a barrier for particles. Not for every particle, but there are not so many high-speed ones to cause harm. So...what I see on the astrophysical journal Website?😁😁😁
And question: Do you like when I talk about real research like this? Mb it's a little hard and I can continue to tell it in the way "cosmology for kids?" 🤡🤡🤡
Particle physics and cosmology are like two friends who constantly play a science game called "Who's cooler?" Particle physics says: "Look, I found the Higgs boson!" And cosmology says: "Come on, I created the Universe from nothing in 13.8 billion years, so be jealous!"
Particle physicists dig into the tiniest details of matter. They study quarks, leptons, and other microscopic things, trying to figure out what holds it all together. Cosmologists, on the other hand, study galaxies, black holes, and think about how the Universe resembles a huge cosmic pie, in which dark matter is the filling, and dark energy is the leavening agent.
And one of them might say: "I discovered that our Universe is expanding!" Another immediately picks up: “And I found out that this process can be explained using particles that we haven’t seen yet!” As a result, despite the different scales, they complement each other.
Think of radio waves and x-rays as cosmic “see-through underwear.” Yeah, they are just as “transparent”, allowing us to see through interstellar space with minimal loss.
Radio waves are like lace underwear: light and almost invisible. They glide through interstellar dust and gas without stopping or losing their charm. Radio astronomy takes advantage of this by peering into the hidden corners of the Universe by studying pulsars and quasars(And this is very hot objects).
X-ray radiation is like silk underwear, smooth and sliding. They penetrate dense clouds of gas and dust, allowing us to see the hottest and most energetic objects such as black holes and supernovae. X-ray astronomy reveals the secrets of the Universe, as if removing a transparent silk veil from it.
To simulate the movement of the chest in a game when a woman character walks, developers use the Soft Body Physics method (not only this, but it's simple and understandable):
The chest is modeled as a network of nodes connected by springs. These springs represent the elastic properties of breast tissue, much like how certain underwear is engineered for support.
When the character moves, forces such as gravity and inertia act on the chest, causing it to oscillate. The springs allow the breasts to expand and contract, imitating natural movement.
To prevent endless oscillations they reduces the amplitude of oscillations over time, ensuring those bouncy bits settle down eventually, keeping things realistic and smooth.
I'm so happy today! I received an invitation to the second stage for a vacancy for a PhD with cosmic ray detector development. This is very exciting and important for me!
I won’t guess anything in advance, I’ve already had more than 20 attempts to get in, but I just don’t give up and continue:(
Just send me hug and good luck!
P.S. there are my photos from Italy's beach in Pescara. It was my first time swimming in salt water)
Sounds like the start of a sci-fi movie, but it’s a real hypothesis. According to string theory, when particles collide, energy can concentrate so much that it creates a tiny black hole. All we need - extra spatial dimensions.
Picture this: particles collide and a microscopic black hole the size of an elementary particle appears.
Of course, it's nowhere near big enough to swallow your mom👀
Fortunately, this is just a theory so far: experimental data hasn't confirmed the creation of such tiny black holes.
