Naked Universe of Ana

Why do you think the Moon often appears in magical stories (from a physics point of view, of course)?

Worldline and Geodesic in General Relativity

Oh yes, I have prepared a little surprise and expanded the topic. Actually I realized that geodesics are not the whole story I wanted to tell.
I dug up my old favorite book on GR and remembered that there are also worldlines.

So. Every object leaves a trace in spacetime. This trace is called a worldline. A planet, a satellite, you right now. Everyone has their own line that shows where and when they were. You are literally reading my post and your body is already leaving a worldline on the graph.

But there are special lines. If an object is not pushed or forced by anything except gravity, it moves along the straightest possible path in curved spacetime. That path is called a geodesic (now it feels like I finally explained exactly what I wanted).

So a geodesic is just a worldline without the extra kicks and bullshit, on pure chill.
A satellite on orbit flies along a geodesic. But a person in a rocket with engines on still has a worldline, only it is no longer a geodesic.

And now the thing I teased yesterday.
The three types of geodesics.

Timelike
These are trajectories for everything that has mass. An apple falling from a tree or an astronaut floating weightless are both just following such lines, as long as the rope doesn’t snap…

Lightlike
These are the routes for photons. They have no mass. Their own clocks don’t tick, but they still go straight. When light passes near a black hole its line bends together with spacetime.

Spacelike
These are purely mathematical trajectories. No physical object can move along them, because that would mean going faster than light. But they are exactly what cosmologists(losers who should get laid instead and do not create crazy ideas) need to measure distances and describe the geometry of the Universe.

So?
How do you feel rn about your prediction?:)

P.s. I added my best pics here😌😌

New game👀

I decided to add a little interactivity, a day before the post I will ask you a question related to the topic of the post. I think it will be more interesting and the information will be better remembered.
Let's begin!

A geodesic is the most direct path in space-time.
There are three types of geodesics:
1.time-like,
2.light-like
3. space-like.

Now guess for yourself what this means and how they differ 👀

And I'll tell you tomorrow.
Don't peek anywhere, just turn on your imagination!

human body is ideally designed to melt chocolate on your tongue at 34°

How the fuck does light that has no mass still bend near a star?

In Newton’s classic gravity works only on masses. So for a long time people thought light doesn’t give a fuck about gravity.

But Einstein said you think wrong.
Gravity is not a "force" that pulls something. It's the shape of space time itself.

Light always goes on the most "straight" path only the thing is in curved space the "straight" path can look curved.
In GR(General Relativity) this is called a geodesic.
I will tell about them next time.

So the photon does not "feel a force" and is not "pulled" anywhere. It just goes straight. But space itself bent and its trajectory now looks curved.

Example: An ant on a trampoline. It always walks straight on the fabric but if the fabric is sagged under a weight it walks "curved". The ant does not actually turn but for you from above it looks like it "turned".
Light is the same ant just without legs...

Light is an ant without legs...👀


I will reply for all messages and comments tomorrow
I got sick🥲

How masses bend our Universe?

If SR(Special Relativity)is about moving trains and cleavage, GR(General Relativity) is when the train itself bends under the weight of your ass.

Here everything bends, both space and time.

Einstein looked at Newton’s gravity (masses attract because… well, just because, don’t fuck my brain in the morning)
and said:
No, guys, masses don’t attract, masses BEND.

Imagine a trampoline. You put a kettlebell on it and the fabric sags. You throw a tennis ball next to it and it rolls not because the kettlebell “sucked it in”, but because the fabric is now curved.

In the real world instead of fabric it is space-time itself, and instead of the kettlebell it is a planet, a star or you after three pieces of cake or a couple of beers.

The main feature of GR:
Mass and energy tell space-time how to curve.
Space-time tells masses how to move.
Fuck, these dumb physicists really insane…

And here start effects that SR couldn’t even dream of:

Light bends (gravitational lensing)

Time runs slower where gravity is stronger (clocks at the bottom of a mine run slower than those at the top of a mountain)

And you already know about black holes and spaghettification.

Wanna post about gravitational lensing?
I'd love!

Welcome to relativity, where motion ruins everything

I decided to tell you a bit about Einstein’s theory of relativity (yes, there are two versions: special and general (you’ll get why later).
Today I’m gonna talk about inertial frames of reference.

When Einstein said that time isn’t universal, people freaked out, to put it mildly.
Like… seriously? Even time isn’t stable in this cursed world?

To understand how he got there, we need to start with the basics:
what the hell is a frame of reference, and what’s the difference between an inertial and a non-inertial one?

Imagine you’re on a train.
A perfect train, moving smoothly and evenly.
You toss a ball up - it falls right back into your hand.
You pour some tea - it stays in the cup.
You don’t even feel like you’re moving.

That’s what we call an inertial frame of reference:
You’re moving straight and at constant speed, no acceleration.
Physics works as usual, as if you’re not moving at all.

Now the train slams on the brakes.
You throw the ball up - it flies in an arc or smacks you right in the face.
You pour tea - it spills everywhere. Shitshow.
You faceplant into the seat in front of you - or into the cleavage of the woman across from you
(not the worst thing, honestly🤔).

Congrats, you’re now in a non-inertial frame of reference:
You’re accelerating, and physics starts acting kinda funky.
You feel random forces - like something pushing you forward
(but really, you just stopped accelerating with the train).

Why does this matter?

Because special relativity only works in inertial frames.
That’s where Einstein said:
"All laws of physics are the same for all inertial observers."


Doesn’t matter if you’re moving or not -
as long as you’re not accelerating, you’re in a “normal” frame.
Sadly, without cleavage this time :(

Basically, special relativity is just Newtonian physics if the speeds are small - so nothing weird happens for us.
But..if you start approaching the speed of light - that’s when time slows down, lengths shrink, and the real fun begins...

That's when the math gets spicy: with square roots and fractions and all that brain-melting stuff.

Fermi Paradox: the numbers dont match reality

In 1961, Frank Drake proposed an equation to estimate the number of civilizations in our galaxy capable of making contact:

N = R* × fp × ne × fl × fi × fc × L

There are many opinions about most parameters, but here are the values Drake lused in 1961:

R* = 1/year (one star forms every year)

fp = 0.5 (half of the stars have planets)

ne = 2 (on average, two planets per system are suitable for life)

fl = 1 (if life is possible, it will definitely appear)

fi = 0.01 (1% chance that life evolves into intelligence)

fc = 0.01 (1% of civilizations can and want to communicate)

L = 10 000 years (a technologically advanced civilization lasts for about 10 000 years, based on Earth)


Plugging in the numbers:

N = 1 × 0.5 × 2 × 1 × 0.01 × 0.01 × 10 000
N = 1

Even with these conservative values, there should be AT LEAST one civilization in our galaxy capable of making contact besides us.
So where the hell are they?

If even one of them appeared millions of years ago and started colonizing the galaxy (even with automatic probes traveling at 10% the speed of light), it would take only 10–100 million years to cover the entire Milky Way.
But the galaxy is 13 billion years old and… silence.

Possible answers:

We are alone. Intelligent life is extremely rare.

Civilizations dont survive. The Great Filter (wars, disasters, AI, your mom not letting you out of the yard).

They exist but stay silent. The dark forest hypothesis: making noise can get you killed.

We are looking in the wrong way or in the wrong place. Their technologies may be unrecognizable to us.


Why it matters

The Fermi paradox is a mirror: either we are insanely unique (what a narcissistic thought💅), or there is a point in the development of civilizations after which almost no one survives.


And the main question:
did we already pass that filter, or is it still ahead of us?

The most beautiful lingerie I ever had

Btw im preparing the post, soon....

I found this old Russian memes😌

If you look at a photon does it change its trajectory?

Sounds like you are some big D boss influencing a photon.
But what really happens when you "look" at a photon?
To see it the photon has to hit your eye and disappear, being absorbed by the molecules in your retina. Basically you just "ate" it with your eye.

But where does the myth come from?
From quantum physics and the famous double slit experiment.
No this is not about double penetration. It is about the Young experiment.
There the result really changes if you measure which slit the photon passed through.

But observation in quantum physics = interaction.
Why? Because everything is so tiny you cannot even fart without consequences. Everything is fragile because particles are so small.
A photon is also a particle, well sometimes :)
The detector exchanges energy with the photon and breaks its fragile state of superposition (where it was "both here and there" at the same time) and the photon behaves like a particle instead of a wave.

Any way to know the state of a particle requires touching it, colliding with it, reflecting it, absorbing it.
This is what "influence of observation" means, not magic, just the law of very small scales.

The Sun breaks physics

For nuclear fusion to happen in the Sun (like when two protons fuse into a deuteron), they need to overcome the Coulomb barrier (named after this smart dude, Coulomb), meaning, the repulsion, because both have a positive charge.

It’s like trying to push two same magnetic poles together. And the repulsion between protons is seriously strong.

According to classical physics, for this barrier to be overcome, protons need a ton of energy, meaning the temperature inside the Sun should be way higher than it actually is.

But it’s not.

The Sun’s temperature is “only” about 15 million degrees in the center, and it would need to be much higher.

So why is fusion still happening?


Because of quantum tunneling.

A proton’s like: "Classically I’m not allowed here, but I’m a probability wave, and I’m going in anyway. I don’t give a fuck, I’m a punk."

Thanks to this effect, even without enough energy, some protons sneak through the barrier and fuse.
Not often. But the Sun is huge, and there’s a shitload of particles.
So even a tiny probability leads to real heat and light.

So literally:
The Sun burns because particles do what they’re not supposed to do 😏
They go against the rules.
They fuse on pure attitude.
Rebels....

Casimir effect.

Two perfectly smooth metal plates are just standing there - in total emptiness.
No particles. No photons. No pressure.

Now get ready to freak out:
They start attracting each other.
On their own. Because between them… there’s nothing.

This is the Casimir effect.
Welcome to quantum mechanics, babe😏

See, the vacuum isn’t actually empty.
Virtual particles constantly pop in and out of existence.
Just for a blink.
You don’t see it - but inside, it’s boiling.

Now imagine:
You place two plates very close to each other - just a few nanometers apart.
And in that narrow space, not all vacuum fluctuations can fit.

So the pressure outside is stronger than inside.
And the plates start slowly pulling together.
Because of... nothing.

Okay, here’s a simpler way to see it:

Imagine you're in a packed nightclub.
(I've never been, so I'm imagining too, don't worry 😂)
Music, people everywhere, dancing, waving their arms - that’s the vacuum.
Only instead of people, it's raw fluctuating energy.

Now you set up two big barriers in the middle of the dancefloor, super close - like barely a gap.
What happens?
Inside that narrow space, no one can really dance - too tight.
But outside? Everyone’s still vibing.

Result?
Pressure outside > pressure inside.
So the crowd pushes the barriers together.
Not because the plates want to move - but because the outside is getting too damn rowdy.
The vacuum literally squishes them.

That’s the Casimir effect.

Credit pic:
Emok
(I have no idea who this dude is...)

I don't use iphone My friend made these photos for me

Omg.... finally....I was sure something wrong with Patreon platform, but they just don't allow to post with .IHEC format

One more reason use Android😏

🌠

Well...

I have no idea what happened but i can't upload any pics here....

I have one more cute stuff ❤️🩷💜

(Fight with my fear to show my cute side)

How would a black hole eat you?

You’re just floating through space.
Ahead: a black hole.
Not a "hole" like a tear in fabric.
This is a region of space where gravity is so strong, not even light can escape.
Yeah, yeah, we’ve talked about that many times....

The border around a black hole? That’s the event horizon.
Until you cross it, there’s still a chance to turn back.
But once you’re past it? That’s it.
Even if your rocket’s is so fucking powerful, doesn’t matter. Absolutely doesn’t.

You won’t feel it.
No flashes, no sounds.
You just cross this invisible line.
No return.

If someone were watching you from far away, it would look like you’re frozen right at the edge. Everything slows down, gets redder, literally.
Because gravity stretches the light you emit - that’s called gravitational redshift.
You look like you’re stuck in an eternal freeze-frame.

But! You’re not frozen.
From your point of view, time feels normal.
You just keep falling… straight into a gravitational meat grinder from hell. Gravitational meatballs, joking

Now you're inside😮‍💨
And here's where the real nightmare begins, not pleasure😏

If you're falling feet first, your legs are closer to the center. Which means gravity pulls them harder than your head.
This difference in gravitational pull is called the gravitational gradient.

The closer you get to the center, the bigger this difference becomes.
Your legs start accelerating faster than your head.
Your body stretches. Physically.
You become long and thin, like spaghetti. Like Elastigirl from Pixar

The actual scientific term?
Spaghettification.
Yeah, seriously. That’s what physicists call it.

Then comes the center:
The singularity.

This is the point where… everything breaks down.
Infinite density.
Space and time collapse.
All known laws of physics?
Dead.

We don’t know what’s in there. At all.
Could be a point of infinite mass.
Could be a gateway to another universe.
Could be a glitch in the damn Matrix.

But if you reach the singularity - you’re done.
Not in a “smashed into a wall” kind of way.
More like “your entire existence no longer has defined coordinates in space or time.”

You're no longer "you."
You're part of the gravitational nightmare.


What if the black hole is huge?

Now here's the twist:
The bigger the black hole, the weaker the gravitational gradient at the event horizon.
That means it won’t rip you apart instantly.

You might cross the event horizon without even noticing.
You could have a few peaceful minutes, watching stars distort around you like a cosmic funhouse mirror.
Everything warping, bending… like you're tripping in space.

And then, still:
Spaghetti-> death -> singularity.

Well... Guess we figured out our weekend plans.

if a white hole was a person🤍🩶

Btw you can see how I made my content

A black hole is not a cosmic vacuum cleaner.

When you hear “black hole,” your brain probably draws something like a bathtub vortex sucking everything in. Spoiler: that’s a myth. No, it’s not going to “suck in” you, Earth, or Saturn. Relax your balls😏

A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong, not even light can escape, yeah yeah, you've heard that one before. Sounds all mysterious and dramatic. But hold up: gravity depends on an object’s mass and your distance from it (hi Uncle Einstein, not just him, obviously, but whatever).
Not on how big or small the object is in size.

Right now, the Sun is this massive fireball with a radius of about 700,000 km.
Its mass is about 2 × 10³⁰ kg.
That mass is what keeps Earth in orbit.

Now, imagine:
hypothetically, that the Sun somehow shrinks into a black hole, but keeps the same mass. It just becomes ridiculously compact: the radius of this black hole would be about 3 kilometers. (That’s called the Schwarzschild radius. I once had to write that name on a whiteboard in English, fuck me, what a pain.)

So yeah, same amount of stuff packed into a tiny point.
But the mass stays the same, and gravity at Earth's orbit doesn’t change.

Earth would be totally fine.
It would keep orbiting like nothing happened.
It’d just be dark. Because a black hole doesn’t emit light.

A black hole isn’t a “hole”- it’s a severely depressed star that had the worst day ever. Clinically depressed. Just done with this universe.

Why doesn’t it suck everything in?
Because it’s not a damn magnet.
To fall into a black hole, you’ve gotta get really close. Like, dangerously close.

"A great deal of my work is just playing with equations and seeing what they give." Paul Dirac

https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S0217751X04018592

The hardest thing for me right now is showing the sweet part of my personality.

These little ears on my head: Ihad to force myself to post photos with them on Instagram, where everyone can see that I look cute. I immediately associate that with childish behavior, immaturity. I feel ashamed.

I can't accept it. I'm always the grown-up one: sexy, serious, smart, decisive.

And this…
it feels vulnerable and weak, silly, immature, infantile.

Because of that, I can't even let myself buy soft toys, even if I want to- my brain immediately goes, “childish.” I can't buy pajamas with bears or bunnies, even if I find them cute. The only “cute” thing I own are these ears, and even those are hard for me to deal with.

(The plush dick doesn’t count, I won that at a carnival.)

Sorry for no reply, I will do it later! And yes, if you have any suggestions about new posts, just tell me here

What is the difference between planets and stars?

Standard model part 2

I've already talked about the Higgs a million times, you're probably sick of it by now. Higgs this, Higgs that… yeah, I fell in love with the guy. Shame he's dead… solid dude.

But anyway, one more quick recap: the Higgs gives all particles mass via the so-called Higgs mechanism. It basically ties particles to the Higgs field, like a balloon vendor tying helium balloons to her cart. Otherwise, they’d just float the fuck away.

So yeah, sounds like the model's tight, right?
Well, nope. Not really. Not even close.

The Standard Model doesn't explain:

Gravity.
That shit’s a mess, total disaster. Especially in the math. It's like trying to add an elephant to a mouse, just doesn’t work. Way too big mixed with way too small. Physicists have been banging their heads against that wall for decades.

Dark matter.
Press F to pay respects.

Why neutrinos have mass?
According to the theory, they shouldn’t. But in reality - they do.

Scientists don’t know a lot of shit. Shocking, right?
Welcome to physics.

"The first principle is that you must not fool yourself and you are the easiest person to fool" R. Feynman Cargo Cult Science 1974

https://calteches.library.caltech.edu/51/2/CargoCult.htm

The Standard model

"The Standard Model", people often think it's like the "basic version" of physics or some intro-level shit. But no, babes, it’s the most expensive, complicated, and successful theory ever cooked up. Yeah, they literally built the collider just to finish it properly - through the Higgs. That little guy was crucial.

It explains almost everything... except for the stuff we actually care about the most 🥲

So what even is it?

The Standard Model is like the Periodic Table, but instead of chemistry crap like hydrogen and oxygen, it's the Periodic Table of the actual building blocks of the Universe. (Yes, I’m talking quarks, leptons, and the carriers of fundamental forces because particles can't do shit on their own, they always need a middleman. Flaccid little things...)

This theory bundles up:

12 matter particles (6 quarks + 6 leptons)

4 fundamental forces (well, 3 really, gravity is a drama queen and refuses to join the party. I’ll try explaining that mess another time)

1 Higgs boson, without which everything would just be zipping around at the speed of light with zero mass. We’ve talked about this one already.


Now, the juicy bits:

Quarks are the real building blocks

(Like, if you bricked yourself, these would be the bricks 💩, haha, not funny😐)

There are six of them: up, down, charm, strange, top, bottom.
Yeah, I know, they sound like a lineup of budget vape flavors. I was gonna say “for Zoomers,” but hey, I’m one too, kinda(I'm 27 btw)

They make up protons and neutrons and more stuff, but let’s not fry your brain just yet.

Leptons

Electrons? Leptons.
Their weird cousins: muon (hefty, dies quick), tau (even beefier, dies even faster, sad story).
And then we’ve got the neutrinos, the most undercover little fuckers in the universe. Seriously. Absolute sneaky bastards. They barely interact with anything, catch them in an experiment? Good fucking luck

Bosons are the delivery boys
The particle Uber Eats guys.

Photon delivers electromagnetic force

Gluons handle the strong nuclear force

W and Z bosons are for the weak force - responsible for certain decays and flavor changes.
(Yeah, "flavor" is a real physics term. I know. Someone was high.)


So yeah, quarks can change into other quarks, leptons into other leptons.

Anyway, that’s enough chaos for now.
I’ll drop more cursed physics knowledge later.

The Sombrero Hat, or How the Universe Might Suddenly Drop Dead

You’ve probably heard of the Higgs boson: that particle that's supposed to “give mass”.
But the story’s got a dark side. Like, really dark.

Picture a Mexican hat- a proper sombrero. That’s what the Higgs potential looks like if you plot it.
Don’t fry your brain with equations, just go with it.

In the center is a peak. Around it - a ring of low points. Right after the Big Bang, the Higgs field was chilling on top of that central peak. Then it slid down into one of the lower spots. And in that "fallen" state of the field, the physics we know kicked in: particles gained mass, atoms formed, galaxies appeared and memes came along eventually.

But here’s the twist.

According to current measurements (mainly the masses of the Higgs and the top quark), we’re not sitting in the deepest possible minimum. We're in a metastable one.
Like a marble resting in a dip, but with a deeper pit nearby.
It could tunnel through, thanks to quantum fluctuations.

If that happens, a bubble of "true vacuum" will spontaneously pop up and expand at the speed of light. Everything we know would get annihilated.
Physics inside that bubble? Completely different.
Maybe no particles. Maybe no time.
Maybe just void.

And yeah, that would be the end of you, me, and all my ridiculous physics reels replying to my DMs.

Now, the comforting bit: this probably won’t happen for billions of years.
The not-so-comforting bit: we’re not entirely sure.

If we discover new physics beyond the Standard Model, like some wild new bosons, vacuum stability might get better... or worse. Catastrophically worse. Fun.

Anyway: enjoy your evening😁

If only the universe knew that from its particles we can create such a booby cup👀